Analysing Film Posters

The main purpose of film posters is to attract the targeted audience to watch a particular film. Film posters try to be as intriguing as possible and use many techniques to persuade the audience to go and watch the film. Some of these techniques are using bold colours which stand out from the background, persuasive language such as reviews form critics and pictures of the central characters. A successful film poster will accomplish attracting the target audience and persuade them to come and watch the film. A film which tries to achieve what is mentioned above is ‘Bend It Like Beckham'. This film concentrates on how a young female who is growing up in a traditional Indian family, struggles to achieve her dreams of becoming a successful footballer due to her parents strict traditional values. This essay will analyse how effectively three posters emphasize different aspects of this film. On the first poster, there is a central image of a woman who has her back turned to the audience and is holding a pair of football boots behind her. The audience may feel a sense of secrecy involving the lady as she is trying to avoid revealing the pair of football boots. We can assume that the central image has some sort of connection to football but is unable to reveal her interest in it. It appears that she is wearing a pink traditional Indian saree which is very womanly, however, as she is also holding a pair of football boots, this may connote that there is conflict between her tradition and her desire to play football. In the background we are able to see the sky, which represents her ambitions to become a footballer. Also, the sky shows that someone may be able to rise up into the sky, and in the central characters case, to fulfil her ambitions. The contrast between the boots and the Indian clothing may suggest that she cannot completely break away from her traditional values. The words â€Å"Bend It† written on the poster means to literally bend the ball into the goal, however, it may connote that the central character has to ‘Bend' certain things for her to achieve her ambitions; this is most likely to be her family. Under the film title we can see that there is a review made by a critic ‘A winning comedy' which is an illusion as in football one team either wins or loses. Correspondingly, we are able to see the two central characters in the second poster ‘Jesse' who is played by Parminder Nagra and ‘Joules' played by Keira Knightly. They appear to be wearing western clothing which shows their interest in football. The mood of the poster is happy and upbeat as we can see both characters holding each other and laughing, this illustrates that their relationship in the film is very close. The way they are standing is sort of an angle which a ball may bend towards. It is clear that this film has a lot to do with traditional values in a family, and we can see in the background, characters who play the central characters family. They are wearing traditional Indian clothing with the character in the middle wearing a wedding saree which is a contrast between the Indian culture and the western. The family in the background are creating a ‘wall' which in football is used to stop the ball from entering the goal, in the central characters it has a symbolic value, as her family are trying stop her from playing football as they want her to be more traditional. The main reason ‘Bend It' is used in the title of the film is because it connotes that the teenager will try to ‘Bend' the rules of her tradition in order to achieve what she aspires. Also, in the background we can see that her family seem to be confused by her action and are pleading with her to stop playing football. Another connotation is the green colour used in the font of ‘Bend It' which represents the green football pitch. Lastly, the reviews of critics are used to attract the targeted audience such as ‘Hilariously funny and fresh'. Correspondingly, in the third poster there is also a central character ‘Jesse' who appears to be at the corner of the poster and most of her face is obscured. She is also holding a ball over her head as if she is going to throw the ball. The reason that her face be concealed may be because she is trying to hide something from her parents which may upset them; this gives a sense of secrecy. The football may symbolise her desire to play football. The audience can surely notice that there is an Indian piece of jewellery on the girl's forehead which tells that she comes from a traditional background but also the same pattern of the jewellery is printed on the football, this may contrast her desire to play football and her tradition. Similarly to the second poster, there are the central characters family who are all wearing traditional clothing and have a puzzled expression on their faces. They all seem to be in the way of the goal, which may connote that they are trying to stop her from what she wants to do. Next to the family members is a white teenager who the audience assume to be the girls friend. Oppositely to the family her friend is wearing very sporty western clothing which is a contrast between both cultures. The background colour of the poster is blue which represents the sky; however, it also connotes the central characters ambitions to achieve her dream of becoming a footballer. There is a substantial amount of critical reviews on the poster which adds to its appeal to attract the audience. All three posters have some similarities and differences, some of which may not be visible. It is obvious that the issue of tradition and culture it represented on each poster and they all try to emphasize it as much as possible. In the first poster we notice that the central character is wearing traditional Indian clothing, similarly, in the second and the third poster we see that the family in the background are all wearing traditional outfits. Both the first and the last poster have a sense of secrecy in them, this is shown as in one poster the girl is turning her back away from the audience and in the last one most of the central characters face is obscured. However, the second poster is not as secretive as we see both of the main characters holding each other playfully and wearing western clothing. This poster seems to be more open about the central characters ambitions and they are not afraid of hiding it. The title of the film ‘Bend It Like Beckham' has a very sporty portrayal to the audience, this is also shown in the images used in each poster, such as, the first poster the girl is holding a pair of football boots, in the second poster they are wearing quite sporty clothing and in the last one the girl is holding a football over her head. Each poster tries to depict a mood to the audience as they want to let them know what kinds of emotions are shown in the film. As it appears, the first poster does not seem to have a very upbeat mood about it and seems to be more tense which may suggest that there may be some conflict in the movie. correspondingly, in the third poster the central character is smiling as she is holding the ball which shows an upbeat mood however as her face is not completely unveiled the audience may suspect that there may be conflict in the film. Whereas, the second poster is completely different as both main characters appear to be happy and open about their emotions rather than keeping them hidden. A wide variety of people are represented in the posters and the most noticeable would be the central character ‘Jesse' who appears on every poster. The audience may assume that she is young teenager who has ambitions to do something she enjoys. On the first poster we see her carrying a pair of boots, in the second poster she is playing around with her friend and in the third poster she is holding a ball. Also, in the second poster the clothes she is wearing may indicate that she prefers to be more western than completely following her tradition. On the other hand, her family in the background are all wearing traditional clothing and want ‘Jesse' to dedicate herself to their tradition rather than playing football. We see on the third poster that there I a close friend of ‘Jesse' standing next to her family wearing sporty clothing which may represent a more western culture. As mentioned before the whole purpose of a film poster is to attract a particular audience. Each poster tries to target a specific group of people. In the first poster the central character is wearing traditional clothing and the mood does not seem to be happy, so I would guess that this poster is targeting a more mature audience like adults rather than teenagers. However, the second poster appears to be doing completely the opposite by using very bright colours and the font is more appealing to a younger audience. Also, the characters ‘Jesse' and ‘Joules' are both acting in a childish manner by play fighting which may suggest that it is targeted at young teenagers. Similarly, the last poster portrays the main character as being more upbeat and happy and the background colours seem to be brighter which may appeal to younger people. On the whole, each poster was successful at accomplishing what they want but I think the last poster is the most encouraging in terms of attracting more people as it uses a range of different colours and the characters, especially the main one, is portrayed as being more accurate at showing the audience what the film is about.

Adolescence & Transition

Adolescent development does not necessarily follow a similar pattern for every individual as the multidimensional phase spans through in a quite complex way. At a time of transition from childhood to adulthood traditionally, a period of rapid physical growth is flung upon the individual amidst brief periods of remission.In the last century however, the onset of physical change has occurred at increasingly younger ages, increasing the likelihood that the psychosocial and cognitive changes will lag behind (Neinstein, 2002). Physical changes thereby vary among adolescents as children of the same age critically vary in the growth and sexual development.For some, the rates of change occur and happen at different times as adolescents experience puberty in his/her own way and time. While it is interesting to observe pubertal changes in adolescents, the tremendous cycle brings about a cacophony of questions among the concerned age group. Some teens develop earlier than others and deal with c hanges earlier than others.For others, maturity may occur later than others and more pronounced is the variation of pubertal changes between males and females (Lerner and Galambos, 1998: 414). Adolescents of the same age do not necessarily follow a similar pattern of change and the comparison is quite pronounced between both genders.In females, the Luteinizing Hormone stimulates the ovarian cells to produce androgens and progesterone and stimulates ovulation and FSH increases estrogen production earlier compared to males whose LH stimulates testosterone production and FSH stimulates gametogenesis at a later stage (Neinstein, 2002).The onset of puberty varies, as female pubertal development begins on average at 11.2 years of age (range 9.0 – 13.4) and lasts about 4 years while male puberty development begins on average at 11.6 years of age (range 9.5 – 13.5) (Rosen and Foster, 2001:310.Up to and during puberty, girls develop physically and mature much faster than the ma le counterpart (Brayer, 1986:247).To say that adolescents encounter a lot of changes and challenges during this period of human development is an understatement. When each gender is marauded with varying levels of change, one goes through a critical stage in a short period of transition from childhood to adulthood. We shall identify the changes for males and females across this developmental stage in order to arrive at a comparison between both sexes.Physical ChallengesThe earliest signs of puberty for females include the emergence of physical changes that occur at different rates and intensity. On the average, breast budding along with pubic hair growth signals the initial phase of a female’s growth spurt that reaches its peak about one year and one month after breast development begins.Menarche, or the onset of menstruation starts typically one year after at an average age of 12 years old (Brayer, 1986: 247). The male equivalent of menarche is spermarche which is characteri zed by the first ejaculation of sperm (Beckett, 2002:113).Testicular enlargement is the common physical sign along with pubic hair development which definitely varies among the male age group but interestingly, the onset is spermarche signals the initial phase of adolescent growth in males which is a stark comparison to the female gender.Females marked the initial stage of puberty with physical changes while males mark the onset of change through the development of secondary sexual and reproductive characteristics (Brayer, 1986:248). The appearance of spermatozoa in males appears at a mean chronologic age of 13.4 as sperm begins to appear present in urine samples among teenage males (Greenspan and Gardner, 2004:610).As adolescents increase in height and weight during this stage, growth is rapid where females tend to typically experience this growth spurt one-and-one-half to two years earlier than males and on average grow 23-28cm. Males experience a 2-year delay in bone closure as c ompared to females, and this accounts in part for their greater growth in height.Females increase in body fat while males increase in lean body mass that can often lead to tripping and clumsiness. The variability of changes can be anxiety provoking for adolescents who tend to remain shorter than their friends as some experienced delayed puberty (Beckett, 2002: 114).Cognitive ChallengesDuring adolescence are often unable to deal with remote, future or hypothetical problems and often encounter difficulty in predicting and anticipating future experiences. Such is consistent with Jean Piaget’s conception pf cognitive development as a rational process with rational outcomes (Moshman, 2005:1).Often, the adolescent have problems effectively dealing with abstract ideas and resort to daydreaming and increased self-interest. Adolescents likewise assume that others are as interested in them as many have an unrealistic view of themselves that can commonly lead them to believe they are in vincible and immune to the dangers that befall others (Beckett, 2002:114).Young adolescents, at the beginning of this cognitive shift, have unrealistic career plans and for those who are exposed to disadvantaged situations, would lead to the beginning of feelings of hopelessness (Moshman, 2005:2).Moral and Psychosocial ChallengesAdolescence marks the movement from the conventional level of moral judgment to post-conventional (Neinstein, 2002). Early adolescents are typically in the conventional level of moral development as they are commonly motivated by the need to meet expectations of external factors such as opinion of friends (Strasburger, 2000: 802).They have a particular simple idea and concept and thought as they are heavily motivated on pleasing others. As a continuous process of experience boys and girls may follow a different thought pattern in moral development as most adolescents experience a moral crisis and breakdown (Adams and Berzonsky 2003:247).In the 80’s an d 90’s, many in the society had maintained that the society was in a moral crisis brought about by juvenile delinquency, adolescent drug and alcohol abuse and teenage pregnancy (Berzonsky, 2003:248). Society has however neglected the fact that transformations in moral judgment take on focus during adolescence.The central developmental task during adolescence is developing a sense of identity with significant turning points of shaping and reshaping different roles, beliefs and commitments (Lerner and Galambos, 1998:441). In a distinctly technological society, adolescents are faced with confronting the tasks and decisions amidst changing roles.At the early age of 11-13, females tend to start a separate identity from the family and build close relationships with peers primarily of the same sex (Scales, et al, 2000:29). For males, such challenges are encountered at the age of 12-14 year old as they become preoccupied with questions of normalcy yet begin concerning themselves with separation from members of the family. At a peak age of 14-16, most experiment with sexual experimentation, omnipotence leading to risky behaviors (Strasburger, 2000:789).

Gun Control And Its Effect On Acquiring Firearms - 1623 Words

Would relaxing current restrictions on acquiring firearms for individuals in NSW, therefore leading to an increase in guns, cause a reduction in crime? Gun control and restrictions on acquiring firearms has been a topic that has been disputed heavily in NSW since the 1980s. Similar to various other nations, Australia has seen a number of high profile shootings, resulting in a tightening of gun control laws. One may believe by instinct that relaxing current restrictions on acquiring firearms would lead to more crime, as more guns are readily available. This paper will explore this debate, to investigate if an increase in guns will truly lower crime levels. NSW doctrine on gun control is ruled by the Firearms Act 1996, Weapons Prohibition Act 1998, and other associated regulations (Gun Laws In Australia† 2016). By definition, owners of a firearm must have a license, be at least eighteen years of age, have safe storage for their guns, each gun must be registered to the owner by serial number, and have completed a firearm safety training course (Gun Laws In Australia† 2016). When acquiring a license, applicants must complete a personal history check, and a license can be denied if there is evidence of mental or physical conditions suggesting an individual is unsuitable to own a gun (Gun Laws In Australia† 2016). Following the Port Arthur massacre of 1996 in which 35 people were killed and 23 were wounded, Prime Minister John Howard evoked a national policy, in which allShow MoreRelated The Right To Own Guns Essay1610 Words   |  7 Pages The Right to Own Guns As American citizens, we have more rights and freedoms than any other group of people in the world. 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Save Many Lives From The War Over Land Between Israel And...

Peter McFadden Period 3 11-17-2015 The Solution To Save Many Lives From The War Over Land Between Israel And Palestine Mr. Virmani World History Honors The Arab-Israeli conflict is a battle for land between two sides. One side is the Arabian community and the other side is the Palestinian community. The Arabians are saying that the land belongs to them because God told them that it was their promised land or holy land. The Palestinians are coming into the land a attempting to claim it as theirs. This conflict is insane because both communities are killing each other almost daily. It is also absurd because they could split the land equally instead of harming or killing each other (Virmani, n.d.). I believe the Arabians should have†¦show more content†¦They also deserve to have the land because it has been discovered that the Arabs are related to the original Arabs/Israelis. I would create a state for the Palestinians people because it would probably stop the conflict between the two communities. I also think it would lower the amount of terrorism drastically. Also I believe that giving Palestine a state would lower the amount of civilians dying between Arabs and Palestinians. If we give Palestine their own state we should let the Arabs and PAlestine have their own separate government so that each state could live the way the wanted to and they would not have to divide the rules and then argue over that(Karsh, n.d.) (Whitbeck, 2012). I would split Israel in half and make them share Jerusalem and split that in half so that the Arabs would get half and the Palestinians would get half of Jerusalem although it would be difficult. I would split Israel in half so that the Arabs and the Palestinians would get an equal share of the land so that the Arabs would get their holy land back. Even though the Palestinians will be getting less than they have now it will work out because they are both getting equal land and they will both have a government to govern each state separately(Virmani, n.d.) (Whitbeck, n.d.). The positive effects of the U.S. keeping a close alliance with Israel are that Israel provides a lot of information on terrorists

The Importance of Non-conformity and Independent Beliefs...

In Ralph Waldo Emerson’s â€Å"Self-Reliance,† Emerson calls for each person in society to be wholly true to themselves. He claims that it is most rewarding to the individual and the society for people to believe in one’s own thoughts and not in the thoughts of others. Emerson believes that conformity will ultimately lead to an individual’s demise because by living for others, people are not being true to themselves. Therefore in order to have a well-formed society, citizens should focus inward and have confidence in their own ideas before beginning to look towards other individuals; moreover, Emerson calls individuals not only in â€Å"Self-Reliance,† but also in numerous essays to act independently from conformity and to live for themselves.†¦show more content†¦To Emerson, each individual possesses their own intelligence, however, â€Å"the whole character and fortune of the individual can be affected by the least inequalities in the culture of the understanding†, which can cause insecurities within the individual (Nature 505). He claims that â€Å"every great man is unique, and each man has their own gift,† which if presented solely by the specific individual, the gift is completely possessed instead of having only half possession because it is a third party idea (â€Å"Self Reliance† 533, 547). Emerson has issue with society. 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The poet reinforces this idea by asking

Pathophysiology of Acute Appendicitis Appendicitis Mimicking Appendi

Question: Describe about the Pathophysiology of Acute Appendicitis for Appendicitis Mimicking Appendicular. Answer: 1: As discussed by Guest (2015), Appendix is a small, tube shaped organ that is located in the junction of the small and the large intestine. Although its function is unknown, certain theories suggest that this organ is a storehouse for several essential bacteria which ultimately help in the digestion process. Acute appendicitis is referred to as a condition with acute inflammation and infection of the appendix. The most common cause of abdominal pain is the enlargement of the appendix (Didier et al., 2015). The pathophysiology of acute appendicitis is that it is an inflammation which occurs in the inner lining of the vermiform appendix which later spreads on the other parts of the organ. As stated by Kollr et al., (2015), an obstruction of the appendiceal lumen can lead to this condition. Such an obstruction can elevate the pressure within the appendiceal lumen. In turn this results in incessant secretion of mucus and fluids from the mucosa. Once the intestinal bacteria within this organ multiply, the white blood cells are being used up leading to the formation of pus. As discussed by Jaschinski et al. (2015), the increase in the intraluminal pressure will lead to the obstruction in the venous outflow. Such a condition causes Ischemia of the appendiceal wall which results in the loss of integrity of the epithelium and invasion of bacteria. The appendicular veins and artery undergoes thrombosis that causes rapid perforation and ultimately gangrene of the appendix. With the continuation o f the process, a development of a peri-appendicular abscess occurs. If walled off by the omentum, this may be localized (Chandanwale et al., 2015). Within the last twenty years the treatment of appendicitis has completely turned surgical. The current surgical treatment for appendicitis is appendectomy. According to Jaschinski et al. (2015), Appendectomy involves the abdominal incision about two to four inches. Laparoscopic surgery is only applicable if the infection has not spread beyond the organ. But once the infection has spread all over the appendix or an individual have an abscess an open appendectomy is required. An open appendectomy allows the physician to clean the abdominal cavity properly(Guest, 2015). Many theorize that perforated and nonperforated appendicitis could have dissimilar patterns and pathological processes. According to Gerard (2011), patients with severe condition have higher white cell count compared to patient under antibiotic treatment. One of the studies reveal the fact that, although perforation was directly connected to the period of symptoms before surgery, the risk are linked more with pre-hospita l delay than with in-hospital delay ("Pediatric Appendicitis Treatment Management: Approach Considerations, Fluid Resuscitation, Antibiotic Therapy", 2016). Thus, in this case study, Ajay who was suffering from tremendous pain due to rupturing of the appendix wall and spreading of the infection should be suggested for open appendectomy. Since such a surgery could aid in cleaning of the whole abdominal cavity (Bullock Hales, 2012). 2: According to the case study, Ajay Mahajan is a student of 18 years old whose medical history reveals asthma. He was addicted to alcohol, cigarette and certain party drugs. One day during work he complained of abdominal pain and feeling of nausea. He experienced vomiting and therefore was immediately taken to the hospital. Later the physicians diagnosed him with an acute stage of appendicitis. Although initially a laparoscopy was suggested and procedure was applied, the rupturing of the appendix made the change in the surgical treatment. Appendectomy with peritoneal lavage took place (Cools et al., 2015). In the Post Anaesthetic Recovery room Ajay was drowsy and was sleeping in the supine position. When he roused from sleep he felt chills and his mouth was dry. Three conditions related to his body condition can be indicated. The three conditions are ventilation, circulation and consciousness (Guest, 2015). Firstly ventilation of Ajay was affected due to anesthesia which was followed by surgery. His signs and symptoms reflected that his respiration is 10 and oxygen saturation is 94%. Due to his stomach pain he was administered with Morphine and later IV analgesia, IV anti-emetics, IV antibiotics and nicotine patch was also prescribed (O'reilly, 2014). As stated by Gerard (2011), most of the agents that are used as a general anesthetic in order to relieve the pain drastically change the control of breathing. They impact on the chemical control of an individuals breathing or ventilation. According to O'reilly (2014), anesthesia, opioids and surgery exerts many affects in the clinical condition of the patient. Anesthesia causes chills and shivers and researchers have suggested that this may happen due to the cooling of the body. In this case, it has been observed that Ajay after regaining his senses suffered from chills due to the affect of the anesthesia. Certain studies reveal the fact that in regards to opioid as an anesthetic, it affects the chemical control of respiration (Lee Goldman, 2012). The normal respiratory rate has been calculated as 12. Less than twelve and more than 25 is considered to be an abnormal medical condition. In terms of Ajay the consumption of Morphine which is an opioid lowered his respiration rate per mi nute to 10. The consumption of Morphine in order to relief his pain acted as a suppressor of painthrough the course of respiratory depression (White et al., 2014). The case study of Ajay suggest that before his discharge from the Post anaesthetic recovery room (PARU), his signs and symptoms reflected certain abnormalities in the circulation process of the patient. His blood pressure observed was 90 / 50, temperature was 35 degree centigrade and pulse rate was 80. The observations indicate that his blood pressure was low, pulse rate was more and body temperature is less than normal. According to Hawn et al. (2013), anesthesia is a kind of drug that is used to num either a specific area or the whole body during a surgery. In some cases it has been seen that such drugs can lead to the significant drop in the blood pressure. Attenuation of normal homeostatic thermoregulation takes place during the course of anesthesia and surgery that might impose large thermal stress (Seol et al., 2012). As stated by Song et al. (2015), any opioid used to relief pain due to surgery might lead fluctuations in his heart. The various observations indicates that the lowering of Ajays blood pressure which accounted to 90 / 50. The consumption of an opioid like Morphine may develop postural hypotension or severe down fall of pressure while lying on the bed in the PARU (Lee Goldman, 2012). Moreover, hypothermia is a state where an individuals body temperature gets lower than the normal body temperature that is 37 degree centigrade. This has been observed in case of Ajay where his body temperature measured was less than the normal body temperature which is 35 degree centigrade. This condition is termed as hypothermia (Ching Brown, 2014). As discussed by (Lee Goldman, 2012), after surgery other than ventilation and circulation, consciousness is also affected. When Ajay was carried to the PARU he was drowsy as well as in a supine position. He was under sound sleep and was snoring. During his unconsciousness he could not realize the abdominal pain. But as he regained his consciousness, it was observed that he was under tremendous pain. Literature review suggests that consciousness is lost due to the use of anesthetics which produce functional disconnection in the posterior complex since it interrupts the cortical communication and cause a loss of integration (Ching Brown, 2014). Such drugs cause unconsciousness when they cause blockage in the brain which lead to the brains inability to integrate information. In this case study, Ajay was unconsciousness after the surgery due to the application of anesthetics during the surgery. Moreover, the use of opioid such as Morphine helped to reduce his pain and by affecting his senses. In addition to this, general anesthesia can cause some mild effects such as dry mouth(Cools et al., 2015). 3: Ajay has undergone appendectomy surgery due to chronic appendicitis. Post surgery he was transferred to the post-anesthetic recovery room. At that time Ajay was sleepy and difficult to arouse. His medical condition reflected lowering of blood pressure, hypothermia, abnormal pulse rate and dryness of mouth. He had acute abdominal pain then. He was worried about her examination and his addictions. His discharge was planned after five days once he was reviewed (Ching Brown, 2014). He as prescribed with Metronidazole and Tramadol. The discharge instructions for Ajay are as follows: It is necessary to put the dry dressing on his abdomen twice a day. This is necessary because there might be drainage from wounds and if the drainage is not reducing, the patient must consult the surgeon. Meanwhile, the patient is prohibited from applying any cream or ointments on the incision till six weeks (Cools et al., 2015). The patient should be careful about the stitches and it should be removed only by the medical practitioner after three weeks of the discharge. He should be assisted by a family after his discharge, even he can mobilize alone. This will minimize the risk of falling and allow the abdomen to dry and recover fast. It is also important for Ajay to take prescribed medicines on time and take it in proper amount. The prescribed with Metronidazole and Tramadol should be taken on the recommended time in order to recover fast Gerard (2011). While taking shower Ajay must be careful to pat dry the incision and do soak it in bath tub till six weeks. However, it is advised that the patient avoids bathing for 4-5 days after discharge (Cools et al., 2015). Ajay is advised to attend rehabilitation session post surgery so that he can manage his ADLs and live independently at home without his parents. It would involve giving physical therapy to Ajay to prevent contractures, improve knowledge about management post surgery and strengthen muscles around the hips through controlled exercised. The result of the low blood pressure, high pulse rate and other weaknesses were the result of the drugs used and surgery. Later the pain reliever that was given was due to his abdominal pain. Such medicines should be avoided and only taken with doctors recommendation Song et al. (2015). References: Bullock, S., Hales, M. (2012).Principles of Pathophysiology. Pearson Higher Education AU. Chandanwale, S. S., Dey, I., Kaur, S., Nair, R., Patil, A. A. (2015). Xanthogranulomatous appendicitis mimicking appendicular lump: An uncommon entity.Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal,4(6), 769. Ching, S., Brown, E. N. (2014). Modeling the dynamical effects of anesthesia on brain circuits.Current opinion in neurobiology,25, 116-122. Cools, F., Offringa, M., Askie, L. M. (2015). Elective high frequency oscillatory ventilation versus conventional ventilation for acute pulmonary dysfunction in preterm infants.The Cochrane Library. Didier, R. A., Vajtai, P. L., Hopkins, K. L. (2015). Iterative reconstruction technique with reduced volume CT dose index: diagnostic accuracy in pediatric acute appendicitis.Pediatric radiology,45(2), 181-187. Gerard J. Fitzmaurice, E. (2011). Antibiotics versus appendectomy in the management of acute appendicitis: a review of the current evidence.Canadian Journal Of Surgery,54(5), 307. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3195652/ Guest, W. (2015). Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome.Internal Medicine. Hawn, M. T., Graham, L. A., Richman, J. S., Itani, K. M., Henderson, W. G., Maddox, T. M. (2013). Risk of major adverse cardiac events following noncardiac surgery in patients with coronary stents.JAMA,310(14), 1462-1472. Jaschinski, T., Mosch, C., Eikermann, M., Neugebauer, E. A. (2015). Laparoscopic versus open appendectomy in patients with suspected appendicitis: a systematic review of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials.BMC gastroenterology,15(1), 1. Kollr, D., McCartan, D. P., Bourke, M., Cross, K. S., Dowdall, J. (2015). Predicting acute appendicitis? A comparison of the Alvarado score, the appendicitis inflammatory response score and clinical assessment.World journal of surgery,39(1), 104-109. Lee, T. H., Goldman, L. (2012). Letter by Lee and Goldman regarding article,Development and validation of a risk calculator for prediction of cardiac risk after surgery.Circulation,125(7), e385-e385. O'reilly, M. (2014).U.S. Patent No. 8,670,811. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Pediatric Appendicitis Treatment Management: Approach Considerations, Fluid Resuscitation, Antibiotic Therapy. (2016).Emedicine.medscape.com. Retrieved 29 August 2016, from https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/926795-treatment Seol, T. K., Han, M. K., Lee, H. J., Cheong, M., Jun, J. H. (2012). Bispectral index and their relation with consciousness of the patients who receive desflurane or sevoflurane anesthesia during wake-up test for spinal surgery for correction.Korean journal of anesthesiology,62(1), 13-18. Song, Y., Sui, J., Wang, J. (2015). Acupuncture with function of improving the level of consciousness for 24 cases of coma patients after cardiac surgery.Zhongguo zhen jiu= Chinese acupuncture moxibustion,35(1), 36. White, K. L., Scopton, A. P., Rives, M. L., Bikbulatov, R. V., Polepally, P. R., Brown, P. J., ... Roth, B. L. (2014). Identification of novel functionally selective -opioid receptor scaffolds.Molecular pharmacology,85(1), 83-90.

Paliamentary Procedure Essays - Parliamentary Procedure, Elections

Paliamentary Procedure Parliamentary Procedure Meetings overseen by an elected chairman Chairman responsible for keeping general order of meetings and collecting and counting closed or secret ballot votes Chairman can or can not be a voting member of the board The discussion can be an open discussion or members must wait to speak until recognized by the chairman 1. A member of the board calls a particular subject in question to a vote 2. The initial call to vote needs to be supported by another member of the board in the form of a verbal second. 3. If the call to vote is seconded then the chairman announces that the vote in question has been seconded and that the board as a whole will vote on whether to vote on the subject in question or to continue discussion on the topic. 4. The sequence of voting events is as follows: The first vote is a verbal vote, all in favor of the topic at hand say I, all those apposed say ney. If a decision is not easily made due to the first vote than one of two things may occur: 1. The chairman may conduct the same vote but ask that the board members raise their hand for their appropriate vote and count hands or, 2. The chairman passes out blank slips of paper and a silent closed vote is collected and tallied immediately with the results announced promptly afterward. ( the decision of this vote can be made due to a majority, ?, or unanimous vote decision making process) If the board decides to not vote then the table is reopened for discussion If the board decides to put the subject at question to a final vote then the voting rules as stated above(#4) are implemented and or variations as necessary( ex. A subject of extreme importance or a personal issue might go straight to a silent, closed vote due to a request etc.) If the vote does not pass it is considered dead and is unable to be brought up in a board meeting discussion for an allotted amount of time (ex. 4 months) unless it meets certain established guidelines ( ex. ? or unanimous agreement to open up subject to board meeting discussions) If the vote does pass then it is implemented immediately or at the soonest time required for it to be completely implemented. The implemented vote can be amended and/or overturned due to certain established guidelines ( ex. ? or unanimous decision to amend or overturn previous decision) Government Essays